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CONCEPT & HISTORY

What is Elliott Wave Theory?

DIRECT ANSWER

Elliott Wave Theory is a technical analysis framework that describes price movement as a fractal pattern of five impulse waves followed by three corrective waves (a 5-3 pattern). It was developed by Ralph Nelson Elliott in the 1930s and is used to forecast market direction.

Full Explanation

Elliott Wave Theory holds that market price action is not random — it unfolds in repeating, recognizable patterns driven by collective investor psychology. The core unit is a 5-wave impulse in the trend direction (labeled 1-2-3-4-5) followed by a 3-wave correction against the trend (labeled A-B-C). The same structure repeats at every timeframe (the principle is fractal), so a Wave 3 on the weekly chart contains five smaller waves on the daily, which contain five smaller waves on the 60-minute, and so on. Elliott combined these structural rules with Fibonacci ratios — Wave 2 typically retraces 61.8% of Wave 1, Wave 3 typically extends 1.618× Wave 1. The wave principle is used today by analysts at major banks, hedge funds, and independent firms to map market structure and project price targets.

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RELATED QUESTIONS

Who invented Elliott Wave Theory?
Elliott Wave Theory was invented by Ralph Nelson Elliott (1871-1948), an American accountant who developed the...
Is Elliott Wave Theory accurate?
Elliott Wave Theory's accuracy depends on the practitioner. The structural rules are objective, but wave label...
What is a 5-3 pattern in Elliott Wave?
The 5-3 pattern is the fundamental unit of Elliott Wave Theory: five impulse waves moving in the trend directi...
What markets does Elliott Wave work on?
Elliott Wave works on any liquid, freely-traded market with sufficient price history: US stocks, ETFs, indices...
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